Little Molotovs
Here’s an article about the “fall from grace” of Little Green Footballs:
“It’s just so illogical,” Geller told me heatedly not long ago. “I loved him. I respected him. But the way he went after people was like a mental illness. There’s an evil to that, a maliciousness. He’s a traitor, a turncoat, a plant. We may not know for years what actually happened. You think he changed his mind?”
This reminded me of former commenter JF. It’s not that I identify with Charles Johnson; it’s more like I think JF would identify with Geller.
I encountered LGF a couple of times when wandering around the link universe, and it never impressed me. I’m totally sympathetic with the criticism of radical Islam, but I don’t prioritize radical Islam as a demon that I need to cast out. The new turn of LGF also is not that interesting; apparently LGF has gone from trite polemics against Islamic conservatives to trite polemics against Christian conservatives:
IN THE LAST DAY of November, Johnson delivered the final blow to his old alliances. In a post that he said took him about three minutes to write, he listed 10 reasons “Why I Parted Ways With the Right” . . . .
“I saw the bill of particulars he nailed to the door of his Web site,” says the author Peter Collier — himself a survivor of the special vitriol directed at those who change sides in the ideological wars, after he and David Horowitz, his fellow former Ramparts editor, publicly leapt from far left to far right in the late 1980s. “Not exactly Whittaker Chambers, is he? I must say I was pretty put off by the profligate and kind of lame use of the word ‘fascism,’ a word that has been systematically denuded of its meaning, so that now it just signifies somebody you don’t agree with. I don’t want to say that it didn’t take some bravery and forethought and all that stuff — it just didn’t seem like a very considered and certainly not a very theoretical break. More of a take-this-job-and-shove-it moment.”
Like Collier, I would take the LGF complaint at face value, as a list of petty annoyances that gradually built up until the whole political equation simply blew up. Johnson defends his Ten Theses and sums up by writing:
I wasn’t aware that I’d chosen a new team; am I allowed to have independent views or does parting ways with the “right” inevitably mean I have to join the “left?” I choose to believe that I can remain independent of political affiliation, and in fact I’ve never seen the purpose of blogs to be simply promoting a party line. That’s why I don’t see this whole kerfuffle as a big sea-change; I see it as drawing some lines and setting some boundaries, and saying, “No, I’m not down with this.”
In conclusion, I don’t really care about the larger or smaller political issues surrounding this “right wing flame war.”
The Rhetorical Issues
Instead, as is typical for me, I am more interested in the rhetorical problems. The NYT reporter Jonathan Dee writes:
NO ONE SEEMS TO WANT to believe that his thinking simply changed over time — and in fact he still has that much in common with his old allies, for Johnson, too, insists that he hasn’t really changed.
What can we make of this? Who betrayed whom, and why should we care?
THE SOUNDEST CONCLUSION seems to be that he has indeed changed his mind — less about issues (though there are a few, global warming chief among them, on which he will admit to having gradually reversed positions) than about the people with whom he is willing to share the stage, or, perhaps, about his willingness to share the stage at all. Not that changing your mind, even in today’s political environment, makes you into some kind of intellectual hero. People change their minds all the time, for all kinds of reasons.
Yes, Dee also sees the controversy as purely a question of political affiliations; but he also makes a good point about changes of mind. Is it really possible to have changes of mind?
If your life is like my life, there are within it brief stretches, usually a week to ten days long, when your mind achieves a polished and freestanding coherence…. Such alert intermissions happen only infrequently: most of the time we are in some inconclusive phase of changing our minds about many, if not all, things. [Nicholson Baker, "Changes of Mind"]
Now then, I don’t totally agree with Baker’s conclusions. The blog I linked to quotes him as writing, “Changes of mind should be distinguished from decisions, for decisions seem to reside pertly in the present, while changes of mind imply habits of thought, a slow settling-out of truth, a partially felt, dense past….” Later on he is quoted as writing that “we change our minds as we change our character.”
But in Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis notes that decision and character are connected in that we make moral choices that establish habits and cause subtle changes in our character, changes that we will live with forever. Lewis, of course, is talking about eternal life and a kind of psychological interpretation of heaven and hell.
In this sense, changes of mind are simply variations of habit influenced by environmental variables; but for an intelligent agent acting in the real world, all of these things are affected by actual [conscious] choices.
The results of these moral choices may not be evident to the broader society, however. Johnson shows that he has concerns quite similar to those of John A. Davison:
“This is one area where I did change,” Johnson admitted. “I realized you can’t just let it be free speech. It doesn’t work that way on the Internet. Total free speech is a recipe for anarchy when people can’t see each other.”
Again with the anxiety about anonymity! Johnson reiterates this point in a response on LGF:
I have a few significant disagreements with the angle taken by Jonathan Dee in his profile for the New York Times, most of all his willingness to accept unverifiable anecdotal information from people who post comments on the Internet under fake names….
As if verifying all information and identifying all sources were ever truly the main concerns for paid journalists! I know, supposedly they were and are, but their status as “rules” is overrated; they’re more like guidelines.
Accountability
The point is that society maintains a delicate balance of accountability and anonymity for individuals, and some folks are just fed up with the lack of accountability. Some people in the past were happy to hand over the job to a supposedly impartial observer such as the news media, but I think the time for that is mostly over in the US, and that’s why some journalists are all whiny and scared right now. (Their social value is currently very low and they need to justify their economic burden by jumping into the labor market and actually performing a useful function or becoming clownish entertainers.)
Another compromise in the past was to give college professors free rein to criticize everyone else in society, without giving them any actual authority over anyone except their students. I think that the legitimacy of the academic public intellectuals is also very low right now, mainly because of their misguided efforts to deconstruct truth, which paradoxically accompanied the scramble to make themselves “relevant.” Like the journalists, they are faced with doing something useful or being entertaining.
For some people the concern for accountability for others devolves into a pathological need for authoritarian rule, whether by the church or by a governmental authority. Whereas I respect the need for a government to maintain peace and order, and I appreciate the voice of moral indignation from the church, I really have no regard for the pathetic desire for authoritarianism. In this matter I classify the One-Worlder, the Communist, the Dominionist, and the Islamist together as useless, weak-minded, insignificant squids who deserve to be ignored as long as they are unarmed. They only appeal to other like-minded morons or to the manipulative politicians who crave power, so as long as I can keep the morons and the politicians at arm’s length, I’m not worried.
The worst nightmare of the political animal is that someone on their side might conclude that it is possible to have a change of mind. The objective of political accountability, as in any criminal organization, is to convince the proselyte that a change of mind is impossible.
Anonymity
Now then, I don’t believe that anonymity is such a bad thing. True anonymity is the lack of identity due to being completely submerged in a crowd of indistinguishable, similar creatures; while I consider that an unpleasant idea, I can’t say that it is necessarily bad. However, what most people now call “anonymity” is really “pseudonymity.” That is, we establish certain identities that may be distinct for different situations.
Before the Internet, this was not really a controversial idea: someone could be known in his childhood hometown as a loser, yet be a ruthless leader at work and a sensitive father at home. Depending on where and when one lived, there was more or less an expectation that someone could really only be “known” if their family and friends were known. Sometimes this meant judging people by their ethnic identity, race, livestock, horses, tribe, surname, hometown, neighborhood, clothing, religion, trade, profession, education, and so forth; but their was little expectation that the average person could be “known” simply by looking for a record of everything they wrote over the last five years. That is a purely modern superstition carried over from the literary world, where the production of a written text is conclusive proof of who one is as an author; nevertheless, pseudonymity is a well known aspect of writing.
This paradox is possible because the idea of the author is artificial:
Anne Stone’s own comments are a good place to start. “Authorship is an industry concept,” she tells us. “It doesn’t identify or see the communities from which a work comes.” Elsewhere she is even more to the point: “I’m still completely unclear of what it means to be an ‘author’.”
Confusion about what being an author means may seem a little strange, especially for someone who has written a couple of novels. Stone’s attitude, however, has found a good deal of support in the media….
A column in the Globe and Mail quotes one editor’s opinion that 50% of Canadian non-fiction is significantly re-written. Later, the columnist describes her own initiation into the “dark art of hands-on editing”, which is “code for saying the book will be restructured and rewritten, and very few paragraphs will resemble the original.” Hoodwinking the “author” into thinking the book is their own is, apparently, just part of the game….
Now even Philip Marchand has come out of the closet, admitting to completely rewriting a children’s book that was, strangely, accepted for publication despite being unpublishable. He goes on to opine, “The notion of the author as the solitary genius, owing nothing to the collaboration or input of others, is an invention of print culture”….
In any event, the message to take from all of this couldn’t be clearer. “Everybody does it,” and the idea of any author, or “author,” creating a masterpiece all on their own, shivering in a garret or hiding out in a log cabin somewhere, is just naïve. Such romantic notions of solitary genius belong to a myth of creative individuality that doesn’t apply any longer. Indeed, listening to some of the comments that have been made, you’re left to wonder if it ever did.
Actually, the increasing influence of the unpublished (and unpublishable) blogger, who can become known mainly for his proficiency at googling and linking and ranting, merely emphasizes the transience of written identity. There is more and more pressure to be creatively expressive while tediously conforming to political expectations and pretending not to be a real person. The only antidote to this pressure to conform is the universal Internet maneuver of reinventing one’s persona or simply going anonymous.
Gotcha!
Part of the political game is to constantly one-up the other guy and subvert his persona, to play Gotcha! and Scandal! and Traitor! by comparing what everyone writes and says. The extensive data mining and search capabilities afforded by the Internet, along with the proliferation of sousveillance hardware, have given netizens the impression that they can “know” anyone immediately and thoroughly.
It is true that demonstrating the ability to track someone online can make them a little more discreet in their choice of words. However, that is not the same as accountability; it is simply useful as a kind of crowd control, as well as providing ammunition for political target practice. Accountability, on the other hand, requires moral authority, which depends on actual power, defined standards, and explicit choice. The actual power must reside in the person, group, or institution acting on moral authority; the standards must be clearly defined and known to all those under authority; and authority is conferred by the decision of those under authority.
Clearly this can be applied to a blog owner with regard to comment moderation; however, it would still make the individual accountable only in his role as commenter. Note also that while this could apply to someone living under an authoritarian government, it places the responsibility on the individual for choosing to obey or dissent. The worthless scum who lives in relative liberty and yet advocates involuntary authoritarian government control over his neighbors is still responsible for being a jackass and a moron.
Ultimately, our accountability is to the Lord of lords, the God of creation. Obviously, anyone who thinks that God is a creation of man’s imagination will conclude that the Christian considers himself accountable only to an imagined authority coming from his own perverted nature. This is the source of the atheist critique of Christian morality, and the reason why they will end up demanding that Christianity be ruthlessly oppressed by a powerful government. However, it is also the source of the Dominionist, Islamist, Russian Orthodox, and Roman Catholic insistence on using religious criteria to stifle political dissent and enforce dogmatic belief: in the name of God, they claim that the infidel will not answer to God in this life and so must be viciously brutalized by the secular powers.
Real Accountability
Accountability means reminding someone of their identity and confronting them with their discrepant behavior. A truly anonymous modern person is a pre-linguistic child, an adult from a pre-literate culture who is cut off from his oral traditions, an illiterate adult in a text-oriented culture, or anyone whose persona is completely destroyed or denied by his culture. Such people cannot be held accountable because they lack a distinct personal identity or personal history.
For most people with any kind of Internet persona, this is impossible. They have multiple distinct identities and histories. This is not necessarily the result of deliberate deception, but merely because what can be found on the Internet is like a slide-show of snapshots. Each hit represents a single facet, a particular interaction, a reaction to a particular event, a one-time expression of feeling, a message tailored to a particular audience, a mashup of unique influences, a burst of temporary insanity, the ramblings of a sleep-deprived brain, or the detritus from a drug-induced rage.
In a real person, all these different perspectives and potentialities coexist simultaneously in a multidimensional entity that presents, perhaps, one side at a time to an individual observer, like the momentary product of a multivariate vector analysis.
Interestingly, at one point Jonathan Dee unwittingly uses the example of the Internet to construct this theological metaphor:
Not only can the past never really be erased; it co-exists, in cyberspace, with the present, and an important type of context is destroyed. This is one reason that intellectual inflexibility has become such a hallmark of modern political discourse, and why, so often, no distinction is recognized between hypocrisy and changing your mind.
Dee is using this to show how Internet opinions become reified and online debates become locked in cycles of endless, unfruitful bickering. However, I would argue that it provides a framework for a more nuanced understanding of opinion and moral choice: Opinions are situational and contingent on political concerns, regardless of the absoluteness of moral standards and the judgment that we will receive from God for the character we form. People are not gods, even with the right computer system and a broadband Internet connection. Moral choices are always based on incomplete information about the world and incomplete understanding of God’s will. By contrast, God sees all of Time at once and knows why everything happens in the way it does.